determine whether vegetarian pregnant women are at greater risk from low zinc levels than are non-vegetarian pregnant women

Previous studies suggest that vegetarians may not receive enough zinc in their diets. As the zinc requirement is particularly important during pregnancy, researchers conducted a study to determine whether vegetarian pregnant women are at greater risk from low zinc levels than are non-vegetarian pregnant women.

24 women were monitored. The following table presents the zinc levels (ug/g) in the hair of three groups of women. (Data from J. C. King. Nutrition 34 (1981): 1049-1055.)

Pregnant nonvegetarians

Pregnant vegetarians

Nonpregnant vegetarians

185

171

139

189

174

172

187

186

198

181

171

177

176

150

163

207

125

153

210

189

179

174

184

160

How many degrees of freedom for the Between Groups calculation? 1.—–

How many degrees of freedom for the Within Groups calculation? 2.—–

F = 3.—–

Critical value of F = 4.—– (use alpha = 0.05)

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